Terms
Chapter 22
American History 202

Progressive Era
Theodore Roosevelt 
(personality)
Square Deal
Trust buster
Charles Peirce
pragmatism
John Dewey
John B. Watson
behaviorism
sociological jurisprudence
Justice Oliver Holmes, Jr.
Louis Brandeis
Muller v. Oregon
Christian ethics
muckrakers
Ida M. Tarbell
History of the Standard Oil Company
National Consumers’ League
National Tuberculosis Association
New England Kitchen
Ellen Richards
Jacob Riis
How the Other Half Lives
Ashcan School
John Sloan 
George Bellows
Russell Sage Foundation
Woman’s Laboratory
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Women and Economics
Margaret Sanger
Julia Lathrop
Children’s Bureau
Keating-Owen Act
Carrie Chapman Catt
National American Woman Suffrage
(NAWSA)
Alice Paul 
Nineteenth Amendment
eugenics
Jane Addams
Anti-Saloon League
Galveston, TX
Wisconsin
Robert La Follette
“laboratory of democracy”
White House
Booker T. Washington
John A. Mitchell
United Mine Workers
United States v. E.C. Knight
Department of Commerce
Attorney General Philander Knox
Northern Securities Company
Interstate Commerce Commission
Elkins Act
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
Meat Inspection Act
Gifford Pinchot
Reclamation Act of 1902
William Howard Taft
Richard Ballinger
Ballinger-Pinchot Dispute
Sixteenth Amendment
New Nationalism
Eugene V. Debs
Mann Act
Progressive Party
Bull Moose Party
Woodrow Wilson
Underwood-Simmons Tariff
Federal Reserve Act of 1913
Federal Reserve System
Federal Trade Commission Act 
Clayton Antitrust Act
gentlemen’s agreements
Eugene V. Debs
Mann Act
Progressive Era Amendments
16th, 17th, 18th, 19th

Terms 
Chapter 23
American History 202

Panama Canal
USS Oregon
Ferdinand de Lesseps
Republic of Panama
Colombia
Panama Canal Zone
canalimony
Elihu Root
Platt Amendment
Guantanamo Bay
Dominican Republic
Roosevelt Corollary
Caribbean states
Treaty of Portsmouth
Nobel Peace Prize (1906)
Great White Fleet
William H. Taft
dollar diplomacy
Woodrow Wilson
missionary diplomacy
William Jennings Bryan
Porfririo Diaz
Victoriano Huerta
USS Dolphin
Tampico
Venustiano Carranza
Pancho Villa
Columbus, NM
General John Pershing
Balkan States
Great War
World War I
Triple Alliance
Triple Entente
Allies:
  Britain
  Japan
  Romania
  Italy
  France
  Russia
  United States
Central Powers:
  Bulgaria
  Turkey
  Germany
  Austria-Hungary
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
June 28, 1914
Sarajevo, Bosnia
July 28, 1914
Unterseebootes
U-boats
May 7, 1915
Lusitania
Sussex
Laconia
Algonquin (U.S.)
Arthur Zimmerman
Zimmerman Telegram
April 2, 1917
Jeanette Rankin
trench warfare
tank
Manfred von Richtofen
    (the Red Baron)
Eddie Rickenbacker
German’s separate peace with Russia
Vladimir Lenin
Selective Service Act
War Industries Board
Committee on Public Information
Creel Committee
Four-Minute Men
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Schench v. United States
Abrams v. United States
Fourteen Points
November 11, 1918
Armistice
Veterans Day
Big Four
Treaty of Versailles
League of Nations
Henry Cabot Lodge
Comintern
USSR (United Soviet Socialist Republics)
Soviet Union

Terms
Chapter 24
American History 202

Empire State Building
automobile industry
Henry Ford
scientific management
welfare capitalism
consumer culture
Albert Lasker
traditional cultures
nickelodeons
The Great Train Robbery
KDKA
Times
nihilism
T.S. Eliot
new woman
Ernest Hemingway
Universal Negro Improvement Association
Harlem Renaissance
nativism
National Origins Act
Eighteenth Amendment
prohibition
speakeasies
flappers
Marcus Garvey
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Al Capone
Kennedy family
KKK
fundamentalism
Darwinism
Scopes Trial
Warren G. Harding
Albert Fall
Calvin Coolidge
Five-Power Agreement
Kellog-Briand Pact
The Dawes Plan
Charles Lindburgh
Spirit of St. Louis
Herbert Hoover
New York Stock Exchange
Bull/Bear markets
Great Crash (stock market crash)
Black Thursday
(October 24, 1929)
Black Tuesday
(October 29, 1929)
global perspective
causes of the Great Depression

Terms 
Chapter 25 (New Deal)
American History 202

Franklin D. Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt
Hundred Days
New Deal
First New Deal
Second New Deal
fireside chats
“My Day”
“Rover”
Brains Trust
saving the banks
bank holiday
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Harry Hopkins
production quotas
Harold Ickes
Hugh S. Johnson
Schecter Poultry Corp. v. United States
Dr. Francis E. Townsend
Roosevelt recession
Henry Morgenthau
John Maynard Keynes
Keynesian Economics
Huey “The Kingfish” Long
Father Charles E. Coughlin
Second Hundred Days
Roosevelt coalition
Boulder Dam
John Collier
Bonus Army
Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
Indian Emergency Conservation Program
Committee for Industrial Organization
American Federation of Labor
United Auto Workers
Federal One
Federal Art Project
Erskine Caldwell
Tobacco Road
John Ford
The Grapes of Wrath
Judicial Reorganization Bill
removal from gold standard
Dust Bowl
22nd Amendment
communism

These government actions occurred during FDR’s First New Deal

Emergency Banking Relief Act – provided additional funds for banks from the Federal Reserve; allowed the Treasury to open sound banks after 10 days and to merge or liquidate unsound ones, and forbade the hoarding or export of gold.  
The Banking Act of 1933 (Glass-Steagall Act) – established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual deposits in commercial banks, and separated commercial banking from the more speculative activity of investment banking.
The Truth-in-Securities Act – required that full information about stocks and bonds be provided by brokers and other to potential purchasers.  This was done in order to protect against future stock crashes.  It gave the government greater authority to manage the currency and regulate stock transactions.
The Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) – This organization had the authority to borrow money to refinance home mortgages and thus prevent foreclosures.
gold standard – Gold was taken out of circulation following the president’s order of March 6, 1933, and the nation went off the gold standard.  The nation’s currency would now be backed by mortgages and loans controlled by the nation’s banking system.
Securities and Exchange Commission – created in 1934 to supervise stock exchanges and to punish fraud in securities trading.
Federal Housing Administration (FHA) – created in 1934 to insure long-term, low-interest mortgages for home construction and repair.
The Federal Emergency Relief Act – provided aid to the poor to be distributed by state and local government.  It also established the Federal Emergency Relief Administration under Harry Hopkins, the head of the agency.
Civil Works Administration (CWA) – established public assistance programs were established in order to help a person remove himself from poverty and unemployment.  FDR did not want this assistance to become a government giveaway program.  Not a successful program, and ended in 1934.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) – recruited unmarried, 18-25-year-old men from relief rolls and sent them into the rural areas to plant trees, build parks, fight soil erosion, flood control.  The young man’s family was sent a small monthly payment for his work.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) – massive public works project (the first of its kind) created in 1933 devoted to regional planning.  Began on the Tennessee River, and built 20 dams in an area of 40,000 square miles to stop flooding, soil erosion, improve ship navigation, and generate hydroelectric power.  It also manufactured nitrates for fertilizer, conducted demonstration projects for farmers, engaged in reforestation, and attempted to rehabilitate the entire area of its domain. 
The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 – of benefit to the farmers.  This act created the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA).  Headed by George Peek, it sought to return farm prices to a scale equal with those prices of the 1909 to 1914 period.  Farmers agreed to limit production in exchange for subsidies.  
The Federal Farm Loan Act – consolidated all farm credit programs into the Farm Credit Administration to make low-interest loans for farm mortgages and other agricultural purposes.
The Commodity Credit Corporation – established in October 1933 by the AAA to make loans to corn and cotton farmers against their crops so that they could hold them for higher prices.
The Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act of 1934 – allowed farmers to defer foreclosure on their land while they obtained new financing, and helped them to recover property through easy financing that had been lost.
The National Industrial Recovery Act – This law, passed on June 16, 1933, the last day of the Hundred Days, was viewed as the cornerstone of the recovery program.  It created two new agencies, and was designed to boost consumer spending.
The Public Works Administration – under Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes, this was one of the agencies of the National Industrial Recovery Act.  Its purpose was to distribute $3.3 billion to state and local governments for building projects such as schools, highways, and hospitals.  Not a successful agency. 
National Recovery Administration – This was the second federal agency of the NIRA, and was aimed directly at controlling the competition.  Hugh S. Johnson was the head of this agency.  By creating codes to which all industries would subscribe, it was to be a “partnership in planning” between government and business modeled.  It was not well-received by industry and failed to bring recovery.  The codes were too complicated to follow.  On May 27, 1935, the Supreme Court struck down the NRA in Schecter Poultry Corp. v. United States on the grounds that Congress had delegated legislative authority to the code-makers.  The NRA was declared unconstitutional.  

Organizations that arose during the New Deal as a response to the fear of the growing control of corporations, banks, and governments seemed to be gaining over individuals.

The American Liberty League – formed in 1934 by conservatives to defend business interests and promote the open shop.  
The Old Age Revolving Pension Plan – advanced by Dr. Francis E. Townsend who proposed that every retired person over sixty receive a pension of $200 a month.  The plan would be funded by a national gross sales tax.  Many elderly Americans were without pension plans or medical insurance.  This plan, called, the Townsend Plan would furnish aid to the elderly, jobs to the unemployed, and provide purchasing power to consumers (since recipients would be required to spend their $200 government checks within a month of receiving them).
Share Our Wealth Society – founded in 1934 by Senator Huey “The Kingfish” Long of Louisiana, first,governor of Louisiana and then senator from the same state.  His desire was to make “every man a king.”  This was his plan:  the government would limit the size of all fortunes and confiscate the rest.  Every family would then be guaranteed an annual income of $2500 and an estate of $5000, enough to buy a house, an automobile, and a radio.  His goal was to eliminate the uneven distribution of wealth.  
National Union for Social Justice – organized by Father Charels E. Coughlin, a Catholic priest in Royal Oak, Michigan, who had a weekly radio program.  He was concerned about the nation’s inadequate money supply.  He blamed the banks for the economy’s failure.  The political party that arose from this organization was a serious third party threat for the election of 1936.

Government legislation/ organizations that emerged during the Second New Deal

Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 – lent aid to the unemployed.  
The Works Progress Administration – Began in May 1935.  Most of its projects were in construction.  The WPA built hundreds of thousands of miles of streets and roads, thousands of schools, hospitals, parks, airports, playgrounds, and other facilities.  Hand work was emphasized so that the money would go for pay rather than equipment.  
The Social Security Act – passed in August 1935.  It established a retirement plan for persons over age 65 funded by a tax on wages paid equally by employee and employer.  Another provision of the act that forced states to initiate unemployment insurance programs.  It provided matching funds to the states for aid to the blind, handicapped, and dependent children, and for public health services.  This act laid the groundwork for the modern welfare state.  
National Labor Relations or Wagner Act – passed in May 1935 to replace the provision of Section 7a of the NIRA.  It reaffirmed labor’s right to unionize, prohibited unfair labor practices, and created the National Labor Relations Board to oversee and ensure fairness in labor-management relations.  

These acts rounded out FDR’s program of reform during the late 30s.

The Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenancy Act – created the Farm Security Administration to replace the Resettlement Administration.  It homesteaded projects, loaned money to farmers to purchase farms, lease land, and buy equipment.  It also set up camps for migrant workers and established rural health care programs.
The National Housing or Wagner-Steagall Act – established the United States Housing Authority, which could borrow money to lend to local agencies for public housing projects.
The Second Agricultural Adjustment Act – February 1938.  Appropriated funds for soil conservation payments to farmers who would remove land from production.  

The Fair Labor Standards Act – also called the minimum wage law, was passed in June 1938.  

CHAPTER 22

PROGRESSIVE ERA
Reforms:
•	eight-hour workday
•	women’s suffrage
•	direct election of senators
•	graduated income tax
•	public ownership of utilities

These reforms:
•	began to address the problems of a nation that had crossed into modernity
•	restored confidence in America
•	introduced Americans to an age of peace, prosperity, human advancement

Progressive Era Amendments:
•	Sixteenth – graduated income tax 
•	Seventeenth – direct election of senators
•	Eighteenth – prohibition
•	Nineteenth – women’s right to vote

CHAPTER 23

REASONS PRES. WOODROW WILSON FELT THE U.S. SHOULD BECOME INVOLVED IN WORLD WAR I

1.	 Zimmerman Telegram demonstrated that Germans were not trustworthy and would eventually attack the U.S.
2.	Armed neutrality could not adequately protect American shipping.
3.	Democratic government established in Russia after the revolution in March 1917 was more acceptable (however, an unpredictable and temporary ally)
4.	Wilson was convinced the U.S. could hasten the end of the war and ensure for itself a major role in designing world peace – a noble reason

TREATY OF VERSAILLES PROVISIONS
formation of the League of Nations
Germany held responsible for causing the war, thus having to honor the following demands:
A.	 had to pay damages ($33 billion) to Allies
B.	Its army and navy could only be used for defensive purposes.
C.	The west bank of the Rhine River was to become a military-free zone.

CHAPTER 24

CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION
1.	 Corporations overexpanded rather than pay employees higher wages.
2.	Therefore, American workers did not have spending money for American manufactured products – (weak purchasing power)
3.	too may people borrowing, going in debt
4.	too few people with personal wealth
5.	mismanagement of nation’s banking system
6.	unstable corporate structure
7.	agricultural market in decline, because European agriculture improved
8.	economic ignorance

OVERALL POINTS ABOUT THE DEPRESSION
It was global.      The national income fell by half.       Unemployment rate reached 25% in the U.S.  
Factory wages fell by half.      Banks closed doors.