Terms
Introduction and Chapter 17
American History 202
Davidson, 6th ed.

John C. Calhoun
April 12, 1861
Ft. Sumter
Abraham Lincoln
John Wilkes Booth
John D. Rockefeller
Andrew Carnegie
Reconstruction
Proclamation of Amnesty and
       Reconstruction
Lincoln’s 10% plan
Radical Republicans
Thaddeus Stevens
Charles Sumner
Emancipation Proclamation
freedmen
Wade-Davis Bill
pocket veto
Andrew Johnson
Black Codes
Civil Rights Act
Tennessee
Military Reconstruction Act
Army Act
Ulysses S. Grant
attempted impeachment of
    Andrew Johnson
corruption
Freedmen’s Bureau
contract system
sharecropping
Tenure of Office Act
Edwin M. Stanton
scalawags
carpetbaggers
Republican Party
school
church
Ku Klux Klan
Force Act of 1870
Panic of 1873
racism
rice plantations
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony
Lucy Stone
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Rutherford B. Hayes
What was the Union going to do with the
     South? 
Southern issues that would have to be
     resolved post-Civil War
legacy of Reconstruction

Reconstruction Amendments
	13th
	14th
	15th

Terms
 Chapter 18
American History 202

New South
George Washington Carver
sharecroppers
crop-lien system
James Bonsack
Washington Duke
James Duke
American Tobacco Company
poverty in the South
(persistence of)
liens
debt peonage
Southern personality
church
camp meetings
segregation
Redeemers
Jim Crow Laws
Plessy v. Ferguson
polling taxes
literacy tests
gerrymandering
grandfather clauses
Mississippi
trans-Mississippi
Monroe Doctrine
Manifest Destiny
Frederick Jackson Turner
Turner thesis
Exodusters
Homestead Act of 1862
William Gilpin
John Wesley Powell
Great Plains
Indian Wars
Wounded Knee
General John Pope
Plains Indians
buffalo soldiers
Sioux War
Treaty of Ft. Laramie
Col. George Armstrong Custer

Paha Sapa
Cheyenne Nation
Sioux Nation
Crazy Horse
Sitting Bull
Custer’s Seventh Cavalry
Custer’s Last Stand
Battle of Little Bighorn
Nez Perce
Chief Joseph
autonomous nations
domestic dependent nations
Dawes Severalty Act
Ghost Dance
boom towns
transcontinental railroad
Leland Stanford
Mark Hopkins
Charles Crocker
Collis P. Huntington
Big Four
Central Pacific Railroad
Sacramento
Omaha
Union Pacific Corporation
General Grenville Dodge
Promontory Summit, Utah
sodbusters
cowboy
vaquero
long drives
cattle ranchers
sheep ranchers
woolies
range wars
barbed wire
bonanza farms
sod houses
West and South - similarities

Terms
 Chapter 19
American History 202 

immigration (pop. %)
imperialism 
Bessemer Process
invention factories
Thomas Alva Edison
George Westinghouse
George Eastman
industrial revolution
rail systems 
Samuel Morse
Alexander G. Bell
investment capital
New York Stock Exchange
labor
Contract Labor Law
Daniel McCallum
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Erie Wars
Gustavus Swift
Swift and Company
Big Five
robber barons
Andrew Carnegie
John D. Rockefeller
Standard Oil Company
Samuel Dodd
pogroms
seven factors enabling industrialization
   natural resources
   inventiveness
   communication
   transportation
   financial capital
   corporation
   labor

horizontal integration
vertical integration
holding company
trust
corporate merger
J. P. Morgan
Sherman Antitrust Act
Henry George
Progress and Poverty
Edward Bellamy
Looking Backward
Socialist Labor Party
Socialist Party of America
Taylorism
Frederick W. Taylor
depression
Knights of Labor
Terrence Powderly
American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
Great Upheaval
Haymarket Massacre
Pullman Strike
yellow dog contract
injunction
In re Debs

Terms
 Chapter 20
American History 202
Davidson, 6th ed.

cities as centers of industrialization
steam driven cable systems
Frank Julian Sprague
subways
bridge-building
John & Washington Roebling
Brooklyn Bridge
elevators
Elisha Graves Otis
slums
Bandit’s Roost
Hell’s Kitchen
James E. Ware
dumbbell tenements
city bosses
Boss William Tweed
urban blight
nativism
Dwight L. Moody
YMCA
old immigrants
new immigrants

Salvation Army
Victorianism
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Jane Addams’ Hull House
Harlem
Francis Willard
Comstock Law of 1873
Morrill Act of 1862
Peabody and Slater Funds
new women
department stores
chain stores
mail-order business
Aaron Montgomery Ward
Sears and Roebuck
baseball
Cincinnati Red Stockings
Cuban Giants
Rutgers v. Princeton
Coney Island
Henry George

Terms
 Chapter 21
American History 202
Davidson, 6th ed.

World’s Columbian Exposition
Anti-Saloon League
National Woman Suffrage Association
Prohibition Party
Greenback Party 
Populist Party (People’s Party)
Grand Army of the Republic
welfare state
Civil Service Act (Pendleton Act)
bipartisan
McKinley Tariff
reciprocity
Dingley Tariff
Crime of 73
Bland-Allison Act
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
treasury notes
Stalwarts
Half-Breeds
Ohio Dynasty
Rutherford B. Hayes
James Garfield
Chester Arthur
Grover Cleveland
Interstate Commerce Act
Benjamin Harrison
billion dollar Congress
Populism
Populist Party
granges
Granger Laws
Munn v. Illinois
Interstate Commerce Commission
Alliance Movement
Southern Alliance
“Pitchfork” Ben Tillman
Colored Farmers’ National Alliance and Cooperative Union
Mary Elizabeth Lease
Ocala Demands
subtreasury system
Tom Watson
James B. Weaver
depression of 1893
“General” Jacob Coxey
Commonweal Army of Christ
battle of standards
William McKinley
William Jennings Bryan
Silverites
segregation
Redeemers
Booker T. Washington
The Atlanta Compromise
National Negro Business League
W.E.B. Du Bois
The Souls of Black Folk
Niagara Movement
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
 (NAACP)
Dingley Tariff
Erdman Act of 1898
Manifest Destiny
Monroe Doctrine
Christian missionaries
intellectuals 
business leaders
commercial farmers
the modern navy 
Alfred Thayer Mahan
The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
Rudyard Kipling
the White Man’s Burden
Charles Darwin
On the Origin of Species
natural selection
Herbert Spencer
William Graham Sumner
William Henry Seward
Midway
Alaska
expansionism
imperialism
Secretary of State James G. Blaine
Latin America
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
Pan-American Union
Venezuela 
Great Britain
Cuba
Spain
General Valeriano Weyler
Teddy Roosevelt
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
U.S.S. Maine
Depuy de Lôme letter
yellow journalism
William Randolph Hearst
New York Journal
New York World
Joseph Pulitzer
February 15, 1898
Teller Amendment
Spanish-American War
splendid little war
empire, trade, glory
Admiral George Dewey
Philippines
Rough Riders
Treaty of Paris of 1898
Hawaii
Guam
Puerto Rico
William Howard Taft
Foraker Act
sphere of influence
Secretary of State John Hay
open door notes
Boxer Rebellion

CHAPTER 18

REASONS FOR PERSISTENCE OF POVERTY IN THE SOUTH

1. South industrialized later than the North.
2. South was home to only a small technological community.
3. South placed less emphasis on education than the North.
4. Southern labor force was isolated.
5. Southerners did not “cotton” to outsiders.

Overall – the South remained destitute because it did not receive enough outside investment.

EMERGING FOREIGN POLICY:

MANIFEST DESTINY – John L. O’Sullivan article that appeared in a magazine in 
1845.  He coined this phrase, which was defined to mean that the U.S. had been
 “divinely ordained” to overspread the West.  This has since been defined to overspread
 and exert influence outside borders.

MONROE DOCTRINE – Pres. James Monroe’s annual address to Congress, December
 2, 1823, in which he stated that the Western Hemisphere was closed to any further
 colonization by European powers.  Additionally, the U.S. would not intervene in
 European affairs.  This policy has been expanded and reinterpreted on several
 occasions.

CHAPTER 19

PROBLEMS WITH INDUSTRIALIZATION
1.	overcrowding and filth in urban areas
2.	ever-increasing stratified society

SEVEN FACTORS WHICH CONTRIBUTED TO INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THIS COUNTRY

1.	natural resources
2.	inventiveness
3.	transportation
4.	communication
5.	finances
6.	corporation
7.	labor system

CHAPTER 21

ISSUES DIVIDING CONGRESS & NATION  (LATTER 19TH CENTURY)

•	Civil War animosities among congressional members
•	inability to cope with economic upheaval
•	weak court systems
•	widening gap between rich and poor
•	isolationism vs. expansionism
•	intense party loyalty
•	incompetent string of presidents
•	congress squandering and abusing power
•	backing of nation’s monetary system
•	protective tariffs placed on manufactured imports

PRESIDENTS AFTER ABRAHAM LINCOLN

Andrew Johnson  1865-1869
Ulysses S. Grant  1869-1877
Rutherford B. Hayes 1877-1881
James Garfield  1881 (assassinated)
Chester Arthur 1881-1885
Grover Cleveland 1885-1889
Benjamin Harrison 1889-1893
Grover Cleveland 1893-1897
William McKinley 1897-1901
Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909
William H. Taft 1909-1913

POPULIST PARTY PLATFORMS

•	coinage of silver to gold at a ratio of 16 to 1
•	federal loans to farmers
•	graduated income tax
•	postal savings banks
•	public ownership of railroads, telephone, telegraph systems
•	prohibition of alien land ownership
•	restrictions on immigration
•	ban on private armies to break up strikes
•	8-hour workday
•	single six-year term for president
•	direct election of senators
•	right of initiative and referendum
•	use of secret ballot

POINT TO REMEMBER ABOUT THE POPULIST PARTY: 

It was a third party and had emerged because the two established parties, Democratic and Republican, had 
become irrelevant to the needs of ordinary Americans.

TRIGGERS OF THE DEPRESSION OF 1893

•	dramatic growth of federal deficit
•	withdrawal of British investments from the American market
•	loss of confidence in business
•	bankruptcy of a major industry (National Cordage Co.)

IMPERIALISM
Practice by which powerful nations or peoples seek to expand and maintain control and exert influence over weaker nations or peoples.  Motives are usually economic, political, or ideological.

Those who wished to advance U.S. goals abroad:
Christian missionaries
intellectuals 
business leaders
commercial farmers
navy careerists

Reasons for interest in expansion into other regions:
•	Christians wished to convert “heathens”.
•	Americans were “obligated” to have
      dominion over “lesser” peoples.
•	Trade was promoted by businessmen.
•	Farmers could export agricultural products.
•	The U.S. Navy was the string that bundled all the above reasons together – meaning that a navy was needed to protect all the above interests.

EVENTS LEADING TO THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR – 1898
Spanish control over a nation that wished to 
 gain independence (Cuba).
General Valeriano Weyler “Butcher” Weyler –  Spanish dictator/brutal control over Cuba 
de Lome letter 
sinking of the U.S.S. Maine 
American jingoists clamoring for war

Why was the Spanish-American War referred to as the “splendid little war”?
•	It came along at just the right time, because it took American minds off the years of depression.
•	It put people to work.
•	It was fought with little expense and loss of life, and won in a relatively short time span.
•	The United States gained empire, trade, and glory.

Why did the U.S. win?  
TENACITY AND LITTLE ELSE

TERRITORY GAINED BY THE U.S.
(as a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1898)
Puerto Rico
Guam
Philippines purchased for $20 million