Terms
Introduction – Chapter 4
American History 201

Intro. – Ch. 1
Beringia
first Americans
Clovis culture
Clovis, New Mexico
Kennewick Man
Topper Site
Meso-America
Paleo-Indians
maize
Olmecs
Mayan Civilization
Anasazi
Mesa Verde, CO
Aztecs
Tenochtitlan
characteristics of:
  hunter/gatherers
  agriculturalists
  (weaknesses, strengths)
Eastern Woodland Indians
mound builders
Mississippians
Plains Indians
Pueblo
Iceland
Eric the Red
Greenland
Bjarni Herjolfsson
The Greenlander’s Saga
Leif Ericcson
Vinland
L’Anse aux Meadows
Skraelings

Chapter 2
Middle Ages environment
Black Death
Crusades
Enlightenment
Chinese maritime technology
astrolabe
sextant
Vasco da Gama
Ferdinand and Isabella
conditions in Europe
Christopher Columbus
Bahamas
Columbian Exchange
Amerigo Vespucci
America
Treaty of Tordesillas
Brazil
Spain
 Hernando de Soto
Vasquez de Coronado
New Spain
microbial weapons
Henry VII
John Cabot
Jacques Cartier
Giovanni da Verrazzano
Northwest Passage
Protestant Reformation
Ninety-Five Theses
Martin Luther
Protestants
Henry VIII
Catholic Church
Church of England
John Calvin
Puritans
Huguenots
English expansion
Ireland
Sir Walter Raleigh
Roanoke Island, NC
John White
Virginia Dare
CROATOAN
Lost Colony

Terms
Chapters 3 – 4
American History 201

Chapter 3

joint stock companies
Virginia Company
Susan Constant
Godspeed
Discovery
Jamestown
landless gentry
Captain John Smith
headrights
tobacco
King James I
Powhatan
Powhatan Confederacy
Pamunkey
Chesapeake Bay
mercantilism
John Rolfe
Pocahontas
House of Burgesses
indentured servants
freedom dues
Maryland
Sir George Calvert
Oliver Cromwell
Navigation Acts
French/Native Americans
William Berkeley
Nathanial Bacon
Bacon’s Rebellion 1676
slavery
Middle Passage
Gullah
lords proprietors
Virginia
South Carolina
North Carolina
Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper
Charles Towne
Fundamental Constitution
Yamasee War
Cherokee
Georgia
Gen. James Oglethorpe
St. Augustine
Spanish Florida
Santa Fe
proselytizing
Barbados
innovations for travel from Europe
Leisler’s Rebellion 1689

Chapter 4

Canada
Samuel de Champlain
New Netherlands
New York
John Calvin
Calvinism
Pilgrims and Puritans
Mayflower
strangers
Mayflower Compact
Miles Standish
William Bradford
Samoset and Squanto
Puritanism
King Charles I
John Winthrop
Great Migration
Salem, Massachusetts
freemen
Harvard College
Roger Williams
heretic/heresy
Narragansett
Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson
antinomianism
Mary Dyer
Quakers
Iroquois
Five Nations
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
William Penn
Philadelphia
City of Brotherly Love
Dominion of New England
Sir Edmond Androse
William and Mary
Glorious Revolution
slave labor system
melting pot vs. vegetable soup

Introduction – Chapter 4 (handout)
American History 201

CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURALISTS
1.	large groups (denser populations)
2.	sedentary
3.	creative endeavors
4.	permanent structures
5.	complex religious beliefs

WEAKNESSES OF AGRICULTURALISTS
1.	faster spread of disease
2.	less healthy diets
3.	greater chance of starvation
4.	creation of class divisions

CHARACTERISTICS OF HUNTER/GATHERERS
1.	nomadic
2.	smaller groups
3.	little time for creative endeavors
4.	tipis/tents

FACTORS ENABLING EXPLORERS TO TRAVEL GREAT DISTANCES
1.	 spices
2.	navigational tools
3.	shipbuilding improvements
4.	mapping of a round earth
5.	nation-states provided funding
6.	moveable type

PRESSURES ON EUROPEANS TO MOVE
1.	overpopulation
2.	recession
3.	little to no chance of owning land
4.	disastrous harvests
5.	religious persecution brought about by Protestant Reformation

FACTORS PAVING THE WAY FOR ENGLAND TO EXPAND TO THE WEST
1.	diminished Spanish threat coupled with British desire to grow empire
2.	population growth
3.	rapid inflation
4.	poor and destitute became more attracted to land in America

REASONS FOR THE SURVIVAL OF JAMESTOWN
1.	 Local Native Americans provided food.
2.	continued investment by England
3.	effective leadership in Cpt. John Smith
4.	effective leadership in John Rolfe, and his relationship with Pocahontas
5.	tobacco

SLAVE LABOR PROSPERED BECAUSE
1.	 fewer and fewer indentured servants
2.	immunity to tropical diseases
3.	Slavery was an inheritable status.
4.	The Americas were increasingly agricultural, which is labor intensive.
5.	Human trafficking was profitable.