Terms
Chapter 22
Western Civilization
Spielvogel

conservatism
nationalism
authoritarianism
totalitarianism
realpolitik
nation building
France
Napoleon III
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
   name of his uncle
   fear of class struggle
   belief of social progress
Haussmannization
Georges-Eugéne Haussmann
Crimean War
Alexander II
Charge of the Light Brigade
Florence Nightingale
Sevastopol’
Italy
Count Camillo Benso di Cavour
Guiseppe Garibaldi
Red Shirts
Prussia
Germany
Zollverein
Danish War (1864)
Austro-Prussian War (1866)
Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)
Seven Weeks War
Otto von Bismarck
Austro-Hungarian Empire 
dual monarchy
Ausgleich
Magyars
Austrians
Slavs
Pan-Slavism
Russia
serfdom
Great Reforms
mir
zemstvo
populism
Prince Albert
Queen Victoria
Victorian Age
Reform Act of 1867
Education Act of 1870
United States
Abraham Lincoln
South Carolina
Civil War
Fort Sumter
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
Marxism
socialism
The Communist Manifest
Das Kapital
proletariat
anarchism
materialism
Auguste Comte
Louis Pasteur
pasteurization
rabies
anesthesia
sulfuric ether
chloroform
Joseph Lister
antiseptics
carbolic acid
hospital gangrene
Elizabeth Blackwell
American Medical Association
Charles Darwin
natural selection
“survival of the fittest
organic evolution
On the Origin of Species
The Descent of Man
Realism  

Terms
Chapter 23
Western Civilization 102
Spielvogel

Second Industrial Revolution
Bessemer Process
steel
chemicals
electricity
Thomas Edison
Joseph Swan
Alexander Graham Bell
Guglielmo Marconi
internal combustion engine
Gottlieb Daimler
Henry Ford
Model-T
Zeppelin airship
Kitty Hawk, NC
Wilbur and Orville Wright
assembly line
tariffs
cartels
depression
Germany excelled in industry.
So did Russia and Japan.
global economy
white-collar jobs
prostitution
Contagious Diseases Acts
Josephine Butler
socialism
German Social Democratic Party (SDP)
Marxism
revisionism
nationalism
Eduard Bernstein
anarchy
Public Health Act of 1875
wastewater treatment facilities
upper class
plutocrats
middle class
lower class
“The Woman Question”
family planning
Boy Scouts
mass education
English Football Association
American Bowling Congress
Rugby Football Union
mass politics
democracy
Great Britain
Reform Act of 1867
Reform Act of 1884
Ireland
William Gladstone
Irish Land League
Charles Parnell
Irish home rule
France
Commune
National Assembly
Spain
Italy
Germany as authoritarian
Otto von Bismarck
Kulturkampf
Austria-Hungary
Emperor Francis Joseph
Russia
Russification
Nicholas Romanov

Terms
Chapter 24
Western Civilization 102
Spielvogel

modernity
Isaac Newton
his world machine
atoms
Marie Curie
Pierre Curie
radium
radiation
protons/electrons
paradigm shift
physics
Max Planck
quantum theory
Albert Einstein
theory of relativity
E=mc2
Friedrich Nietzsche
Henri Bergson
Georges Sorel
revolutionary socialism
psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
id
ego
superego
defense mechanisms
Charles Darwin
Newton of biology
Herbert Spencer
Social Darwinism
racism
Houston Stewart Chamberlain
The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century
Aryans
volkish thought
Christian response to modernity
anticlericalism
separation of church and state
modernism movement in Christianity
Salvation Army
modernism in arts/literature
naturalism
symbolism
impressionism
post-impressionism
cubism
abstract painting
Morisot
Pissarro
Vincent van Gogh
Paul Cézanne
Picasso
Igor Stravinsky
Sergei Diaghilev
The Firebird
Petrushka
The Rite of Spring
Millicent Fawcett
suffrage
new women
Maria Montessori
anti-Semitism
pogroms
Zionism
Theodor Herzl
France
Dreyfus Affair
Germany
Emperor William II
Social Democratic Party
Austria-Hungary
Imperial Russia
Sergei Witte
Trans-Siberian Railroad
Russo-Japanese War
Tsar Nicholas II
Revolution of 1905
Father Gapon
Bloody Sunday
October Manifesto
Duma
United States
Progressive Era
Canada
new imperialism
    causes of
White Man’s Burden
Africa
Afrikaners
Boers
Boer War
Cecil Rhodes
apartheid
De Beers Mining Company
Ethiopia and Liberia
Egypt
Suez Canal
Leopold II
Henry M. Stanley
Berlin Conference
Battle of Omdurman
archipelago
Philippines
China
tea
Manchu Dynasty
Canton
opium trade
silver
Opium Wars
Treaty of Nanking of 1842
Hong Kong
Beijing
Japan
Commander Matthew Perry
Korea
Egypt
Muhammad Ali
Egyptian Nationalist Party
Afghanistan
Boxer Rebellion
Society of Harmonious Fists
Meiji Restoration
India
Three Emperors’ League
Balkan States
Bosnia/Herzegovina
Serbia/Montenegro/Romania
Triple Alliance (1882)
Triple Entente
First Balkan War
Second Balkan War

Terms
Chapter 25
Western Civilization 102
Spielvogel

causes of World War I
   nationalism
   internal dissent
   militarism
Balkans
June 28, 1914
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Black Hand
Serbia
Austria
Sarajevo, Bosnia
August 4, 1914
trench warfare
machine gun
poison gas (mustard gas)
u-boats (submarines)
airships
airplanes
tank
Central Powers
Allied Powers
Western Front
No Man’s Land
Manfred von Richtofen
Red Baron
Lusitania
United States’ entry
Schlieffen Plan
April 6, 1917
Romanov Dynasty
Tsar Nicholas II
Tsarina Alexandria
Tsarevich Alexis
Rasputin
hemophilia
March Revolution
Ekaterinburg
Bolshevik Revolution
Vladimir Lenin
Alexander Kerensky
Petrograd Soviet
Lenin’s Marxism
(three ideas of his Marxism)
Mensheviks
soviets
communists
Leon Trotsky
Bolsheviks come to power
(three reasons)
civil war in Russia
White Army
Red Army
cheka
class enemies
November 11, 1918
Armistice
Veteran’s Day
red vs. pink
Treaty of Versailles
Pres. Woodrow Wilson
Fourteen Points
League of Nations
David Lloyd George

Handout
Chapters 24 – 25
Western Civilization 102
Spielvogel

Chapter 24

Einstein’s theory of relativity states two main points:
1.	 Space and time are not absolute, but are relative to the observer and interwoven into a four-dimensional space-time continuum.
2.	Matter is a form of energy. (E=mc2)  Each particle of matter is equivalent to its mass times the square of the velocity of light.  This equation became symbolic of the atomic age, because it explains the energy of atoms.

Facts about Russia’s Trans-Siberian Railroad (and Russia):
1.	 Sergei Witte is given credit for construction of this railroad.
2.	It spans from Vladivostok (east) to Moscow(west) (continuing on to St. Petersburg as a link)
3.	Distance is approximately 5,776 miles from Vladivostok to Moscow
4.	It takes about seven days to travel from Vladivostok to Moscow.  
5.	Watches/clocks have to be re-set during this trip.
6.	Russia has 11 time zones and makes up about 1/6of the earth’s land surface.
7.	Lake Baikal in eastern Russia is the deepest lake in the world and contains 1/5 of the world’s fresh water.

Causes of new imperialism:
1.	 Social Darwinism and racism – the belief that it was a country’s duty to dominate what they defined as inferior races.  The “white man’s burden” became the philosophy for this reasoning that it was acceptable for whites to dominate less-developed nations.
2.	religious motive – the belief that Western Christians had a moral responsibility to civilize and proselytize (convert to Christianity) those peoples they defined as inferior or heathen.  This was a time of dynamic missionary movements.
3.	economic motive – the rationale that Western countries needed raw materials not found in Western countries; thus they should gain control of those regions having those resources, such as tin, rubber, oil.

Chapter 25

Causes of World War I
1.	 nationalism – There began to be increased rivalry among the nation-states as they increasingly defined themselves according to their country.  These nations were rather self-absorbed, believing that no other country should rank above them.
2.	internal dissent – Europe was more ethnically and culturally divided than the U.S.  These various ethnicities, such as the Slavs, desired self-determination.  
3.	militarism – Because of this internal strife and because of this strong sense of nationalism, European nations had begun amassing weaponry and building large armies.  Nations, rather than promoting peace, were preparing for war.

Karl Marx’s Marxism depended upon three ideas:
1.	 Capitalism could only be destroyed by violent revolution.
2.	A socialist revolution was possible even in a backward country like Russia, because the masses were poor, thus more eager for revolution that would improve plight.
3.	The workers’ party had to be highly disciplined with a dedicated elite group of intellectuals at the top with followers below completely devoted to revolution.

Bolsheviks came to power for three reasons:
1.	 Democracy that was attempted after the overthrow of the tsar was too weak to prevent anarchy; power belonged to those who took it.
2.	Superior and determined leadership in Leon Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin, unlike the tsarist government.
3.	Broad appeal to the downtrodden; people to whom socialism appealed because it was the only hope, they felt, for a better life.