Terms
Chapter 17
Western Civilization 102
Spielvogel

Enlightenment
philosophe
cosmopolitan
reason, natural law, hope, progress
censorship
Bernard de Fontenelle
skepticism
Pierre Bayle
Historical and Critical Dictionary
travel and Enlightenment
cultural relativism
Isaac Newton 
John Locke
Newton’s world machine
tabula rasa
Montesquieu
The Spirit of the Laws
three basic governments
   republics
   monarchy
   despotism
separation of powers
checks and balances
Voltaire
deism
Denis Diderot
social sciences
David Hume
Encyclopedia
laissez-faire
Adam Smith
women and Enlightenment
Mary Wollstonecraft
feminism
salon
rococo/neoclassicism
Johann Sebastian Bach
George Frederick Handel
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
novel/England
high culture
popular culture
universities/gymnasiums
crime and punishment
medicine
physicians
barber-surgeons
surgeons
bleeding 
apothecaries
midwives
faith healers
Carnival
Lent
Mardis Gras
Ash Wednesday
Shrove Tuesday
taverns and alcohol
chapbooks
literacy rates
public education
Joseph II of Austria
Toleration Patent of 1781
Jews
pogroms
“Jewish problem”
pietism
Puritans
Quakers
Baptists
John Wesley
Methodist church

Terms
Chapter 18
Western Civilization
Spielvogel

natural law
enlightened absolutism
France
Louis XV
Madame de Pompadour
Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
Great Britain
United Kingdom
British
Parliament
peers
House of Lords
landed gentry
House of Commons
patronage
pocket boroughs
“in his pocket”
Hanoverians in Britain
George I
cabinet
William Pitt (the Elder)
George III
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
porphyria
Dutch Republic
Prussia
Frederick William I
Frederick II
Junkers
Austria
Hapsburg
Vienna
Empress Maria Theresa
Joseph II
Russia
Catherine the Great
her three goals for Russia
Emelyan Pugachev
Pugachev’s Rebellion (1773)
Poland
partitioning of Poland
balance of power
War of Austrian Succession 
Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle

Seven Years’ War
Europe, India, North America
French and Indian War
European military strategy
social fabric of Europe
nuclear family
premarital sex
betrothal
birth control
illegitimacy explosion
wet nursing
killing nurses
infanticide
overlaying
foundling hospitals
St. Petersburg, Russia
crop yields
famine food
agricultural revolution
factors for increased yield
crop rotation
Low Countries
Viscount Charles Townsend
Jethro Tull
England
potatoes
enclosure system
financial methods
Dutch Republic
cottage industries
protoindustrialization
putting-out system
textile industry
Richard Arkwright
water frame
flying shuttle
global economy
peasantry 85%
tithes
villages
Georgian architecture
cities
London
poverty

Terms
Chapter 19
Western Civilization 102
Spielvogel

Statue of Liberty
American Revolution
Seven Years’ War
French and Indian War
American War for Independence
July 4, 1776
Declaration of Independence
Continental Army
Patriots
Loyalists
George Washington
Commander-in-Chief
Marquis de Lafayette
Yorktown, Virginia
Treaty of Paris of 1783
Articles of Confederation
U.S. Constitution
three branches of government
legislative, executive, judicial
Bill of Rights
origins of the French Revolution
taille
bread
first estate – clergy 
second estate – nobility 
third estate – middle class
(fourth estate – press)
manorial rights
bourgeoisie
Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
National Assembly
Oath of the Tennis Court
Bastille/July 14, 1789
Great Fear
Declaration of the Rights of Man
women in the Revolution
march on Versailles
Civil Constitution
Jacobins
French Revolutionary Wars
Girondists
the Mountain
Maximilien Robespierre
sansculottes
Reign of Terror
nationalism
de-Christianization
Cult of Reason
Cult of the Supreme Being
secular calendar
Thermidorian Reaction
Napoleon Bonaparte
Haiti (St. Domingue)
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Josephine de Beauharnais
Concordat of 1801
Arc de Triomphe
family monarchy
Civil Code
Joseph Fouché
Treaty of Amiens
Battle of Trafalgar
Louisiana Territory
Third Coalition
Battle of Austerlitz
Continental System
Battle of Moscow 1812
Fourth Coalition
Elba
Louis XVIII
Hundred Days
Battle of Waterloo
St. Helena

Terms
Chapter 20
Western Civilization 102
Spielvogel

Industrial Revolution
Great Britain
factors for industrialization:
     agricultural revolution
     financial capital
     entrepreneurs
     raw materials
     government
     ready market
cotton
textile industry
James Hargreaves
spinning jenny
body linen
weavers
coal James Watt
steam engine
water frame
coke
iron industry
transportation revolution
railroads
steam power
locomotive
Richard Trevithick
George Stephenson
Rocket
Liverpool to Manchester
Crystal Palace
William Cockerill
Continental System
tariff protection
joint-stock investment banks
Credit Mobilier of Paris
United States
Samuel Slater
Rhode Island
Eli Whitney
American railroads
labor force
emigrants and immigrants
India
Ireland
Potato Famine
(Great Famine)
potato crop
William Blake
“satanic mills”
Charles Dickens
Edwin Chadwick
Report on the Condition of the Labouring
         Population of Great Britain
cholera
Factory Act of 1833
factory workers
urban workers
Luddites
Combination Acts
labor unions
trade union movement
Robert Owen
Grand National Consolidated Trades Union
chartism

Terms
Chapter 21
Western Civilization 102
Spielvogel

conservatism
liberalism
nationalism
utopian socialism
Edmund Burke
Joseph de Maistre
economic liberalism
laissez-faire
Thomas Malthus
Essays on the Principles of Population
Principles of Political Economy
Malthusian Theory
David Ricardo
iron law of wages
John Stuart Mill
On Liberty
On the Subjection of Women
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
phalansteries
“old order”
“conservative order”
Quadruple Alliance
 Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)
Prince Klemens von Metternich
principle of legitimacy
Poland
balance of power
One Hundred Days
Quintuple Alliance
principle of intervention
Latin America
U.S. President James Monroe
Monroe Doctrine
Greece
Ottoman Empire
Great Britain
Tories
Whigs
Corn Law of 1815
Peterloo Massacre
France’s Louis XVIII
bicameral legislature
ultraloyalists
Italy and Spain
Carbonari
Cortes
Central Europe
King Frederick William III
Prussia
Germany 
Burschenschaften
Austria
Habsburg Dynasty
Russia
tsars
Romanov Dynasty
Alexander I
Northern Union
Decembrist Revolt
Nicholas I
Third Section
Robert Owen
New Harmony, Indiana
communes
Louis Blanc
Flora Tristan
Reform Act of 1832
Poor Law of 1834
United States
Federalists
Alexander Hamilton
Republicans
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
Supreme Court
John Marshall
Andrew Jackson
era of mass democracy
European police forces
serjents
bobbies
schutzmannschaft
crime
Australia
prison reform
romanticism
individualism
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Walter Scott
Ivanhoe
Gothic literature
Edgar Allen Poe
Mary Shelley
Frankenstein
William Wordsworth
pantheism
Caspar David Friedrich
Joseph Malford William Turner
Eugéne Delacroix
Beethoven
Awakening

Handout -- Chapter 19

ORIGINS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

1.  Fiscal crisis
2.  Social hierarchy (estates-general)
3.  Debate, as made popular by the Enlightenment philosophes
4.  Failure of judicial reform
5.  Ineffective leadership
6.  Influence of the American Revolution

EVENTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

May 5, 1789 –       	Estates General (First, Second, and Third) convenes at Versailles
June 17, 1789 –     	The Third Estate gains numbers and strength, and becomes the leading
                                     majority, declaring itself independent of the other two Estates.  
		      	It then proclaims itself as independent of the king, and renames itself the
                                    National Assembly.  King Louis XVI, who had previously denied the
                                    claim of the Third Estate, now tells the body	that he will recognize that
                                    group, giving it permanent status in the government.  He also orders the
                                    National Assembly to be dissolved.  The other two Estates are pleased, but
                                    the Third Estate is defiant.
June 20, 1789 –      	Oath of the Tennis Court
June 27, 1789 –      	King Louis XVI backs down from the Third Estate; the first two Estates
                                     now join with the Third, and the name of the body officially becomes the 
		       	National Assembly.
July 14, 1789 –       	The storming of the Bastille
August 4, 1789 –    	Great Fear (lasted spring and summer of that year) abolition of legal
                                    orders (“Feudalism is abolished”)
August 26, 1789 –   	National Assembly passes the Declaration of the Rights of Man (political
                                     principles of the Enlightenment), which was the draft to the new
                                     constitution.
October 5-6, 1789 – 	Women march on the palace of Versailles; force Louis and Marie-
                                    Antoinette to return to Paris
July 12, 1790 –        	Civil Constitution of the Clergy
June 16, 1791 –        	Louis and Marie-Antoinette attempt to escape France, but are captured.
September 14, 1791 – King Louis reluctantly signs the new constitution
October 1, 1791 – 	Legislative Assembly, as called for in the constitution, convenes. 
April 20, 1792 –      	Legislative Assembly declares war on Austria, thus beginning the series of
                                    wars known as the French Revolutionary Wars
August 10, 1792 – 	Sans-culottes storm the Tuileries palace (king’s residence)
September 1792 – 	Legislative Assembly is dissolved; constitution is suspended; National
                                     Convention is called; membership is largely Jacobin.

September 22, 1792 – National Convention declares France a republic; abolishes the monarchy
                                     and the calendar, declaring September 22, the first day of Year I.
January 21, 1793 – 	King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine.
February 1, 1793 – 	France declares war on Britain, Spain, and the Dutch Netherlands.
June 2, 1793 – 	National Convention, having been divided between	Girondins and
                                    Montagnards erupts in an uprising with Montagnards winning, led by
                                    Maximilien Robespierre.
July 1793 – 		Robespierre is elected as a member of the Committee of Public Safety.
August 17, 1793 – 	National Convention votes to call for mass conscription.
September 5, 1793 – 	Reign of Terror is ordered to begin, led by Robespierre; most radical
                                     phase of the revolution. Cult of Reason and	Cult of the Supreme Being
 ensue.
October 16, 1793 – 	Marie-Antoinette is executed.
February 4, 1794 – 	Slavery is abolished in the French colonies.
July 27, 1794 – 	Robespierre is executed; Thermidorian reaction begins, 
			which attempts to reverse the effects of the revolution;
			France now swings to the right (conservative).
July 1794 - October 1975 –  White Terror brutalizes radicals.
October 1795 –   	New constitution is written; new Legislative Assembly 
			is formed; five-member executive committee is formed 
			from the Legislative Assembly; this committee is called the Directory.

November 9, 1799 –   Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power.