Terms
Chapters 10-13
Western Civilization 101
Spielvogel, 7th ed.

Ch. 10
England
Edward the Confessor
Harold Godwinson
Harald Hardrada/Norway
William Duke of Normandy
(William the Conqueror)
York, England
Battle of Stamford Bridge
Battle of Hastings
Bayeux Tapestry
Domesday Book
shires
Henry I (England)
exchequer
sheriffs
pipe rolls
common law
Henry II (England)
Thomas Beckett
St. Thomas
King John (England)
Philip II (France)
Magna Carta
parliament
Edward I (England)
burgess
House of Commons
House of Lords
France
Capetian Dynasty
Louis IX (France)
Philip IV the Fair (France)
estates-general
Spain
Muslim control
Christian control
Reconquista
Mudajares
Holy Roman Empire
church and state struggles
Hohenstaufens
Welfs

Frederick I (Germany)
(Barbarossa)
Frederick II (Germany)
Habsburgs
Denmark/Norway/Sweden
Hungary
Poland/Russia
Teutonic Knights
Mongols
Prussia
Genghis Khan
Khubilai Khan
Mongol Empire
Yuan Dynasty
Russia
Kiev
Boyars
Alexander Nevsky
Clunaic Reform
Cluny
Benedictine monks
black monks
Psalter
Clunaic monks
Pope Gregory VII
Gregorian reform
Emperor Henry IV (Germany)
Investiture Conflict
Excommunication
Concordat of Worms (1122)
Pope Innocent III
Fourth Lateran Council
Carthusian Order
Bruno of Cologne
Cistercians
St. Bernard
white monks
Virgin Mary
St. Francis 
St. Dominic
Clare
Hildegard
Beguines
friars, not monks
mendicants
Donatists
Waldensians
Cathars (Albigensians)
mass
sacraments
    baptism
    penance
    eucharist
    confirmation
    matrimony
    orders
    extreme unction
saints
St. Nicholas
relics
purgatory
indulgence
anti-semitism
Jews
Crusade
First Crusade
Knights Templar
Second Crusade
Peasants’ Crusade
Fourth Crusade
Constantinople
Children’s Crusade
effects of the crusades
p. 272 – Battle of Hastings
p. 355 – Johannes Gutenberg/
              printing
p. 313 – Hundred Years’ War
p. 321 – Venetian city-state/
              14th century 
p. 342 – reintroduction of slavery/
              14th century
p. 380 – Luther’s sermons
p. 391 – Queen Mary/
              Catholic restoration
p. 274 – Magna Carta/provisions
p. 341 – Third Estate/France

Ch. 11
Revelation
apocalyptic literature
problems in Europe
inflation
Little Ice Age
crops
Great Famine
unhealthy diets
weak
typhoid fever
livestock disease
homeless people
international trade
Black Death
Maritime trade
rat-transmitted diseases/fleas
China
Crimea
Genoa, Italy
bubonic and pneumonic strains
Selman Waksman
Streptomycin
Philip Ziegler
The Black Death
Flagellants
Bretheren of the Cross
estates
(nobility, clergy, laborers)
peasant revolts
Hundred Years’ War
Salic Law
Joan of Arc
Charles VII
fleur-de-lis
nationalism
scutage
Boniface VIII
Clement V
Great Schism
Urban VII
Council of Pisa (1409)
Alexander V
Martin V
mysticism
Meister Eckhart
Layperson
Dante
Divine Comedy
Petrarch
Boccacio
Geoffrey Chaucer
Canterbury Tales
clock
eyeglasses/paper/gunpowder/cannons

CAUSES OF THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR (FOUGHT FROM 1337 – 1453)

1.	France and England had signed the Treaty of Paris in 1259, in which the English king agreed to become the vassal of the French crown with the duchy (a dukedom), of Aquitaine, which the English had claimed as going to France.  The French then confiscated Aquitaine.  The king of England, Edward III viewed this as a violation of the treaty of 1259, and called for war.
2.	While it was initially a war between the French and the English, it also became a civil war between the French and the English, eventually both countries became involved in internecine wars.
3.	Wool was in issue.  England and Flanders engaged in wool trade and had become very dependent upon that commodity.  Flanders was French, but was also dependent upon English wool for their products, and thus were also sympathetic to England because they didn’t want the wool trade to be compromised

Ch. 12

Renaissance
Age of Discovery
factors for Renaissance
  economic growth
  expansion of trade
  industries
  papal banking
entrepreneurs
Medici family
Three Estates
   clergy
   nobility
   everyone else
      peasantry
      emerging middle class
Baldassare Castiglione
The Courtier
Renaissance men
Renaissance women
slavery
sexuality
wet-nursing
killing nurses
infanticide
overlaying
foundling hospitals
oblates
Caesarean births
Five Powers of Italy
   Venice
   Milan
   Florence
   Papal States
   Naples
diplomacy
ambassadors
Niccoló Machiavelli
The Prince
Humanism
Petrarch
civic humanism
Hermeticism
pantheism
Laura Cereta
secularization
Francesco Guicciardini
block-printing
moveable type
Johann Gutenberg
Johan Fust
Peter Schöffer
Gutenberg’s Bible (1456)
High Renaissance (1500-1527)
the arts
balance/ harmony/restraint
Leonardo da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo
David
Gioto
Donatello
France
Burgundy
Charles VII (France)
Louis XI (Spider King)
England
War of the Roses
House of Lancaster
House of York
Henry VII
Star Chamber
justice of the peace
Spain
Isabella and Ferdinand
Iberian Peninsula
hermandades
Spanish Inquisition
persecution of Jews
Habsburg Dynasty
Holy Roman Empire
Ivan III (the Terrible)
Moscow
Ottoman Empire
Byzantine Empire
Charles V (Habsburgs)
John Wyclif
Lollardy
Hus
Council of Constance
Sacrosancta
Frequens
Execrabilis
Pope Pius II
nepotism

Ch. 13

Reformation
Thomas More
Desiderius Erasmus
Utopia
Christian humanism
printing press
informed opinions
clerical immorality
clerical ignorance
clerical pluralism
Martin Luther
indulgences
John Tetzel
Ninety-Five Theses
Diet of Worms
Ulrich Zwingli
Switzerland
Protestantism
Peasants’ War
priesthood of the believer
baptism
penance
Lord’s Supper
transubstantiation
Charles V (Holy Roman Empire)
Peace of Augsburg
Anabaptists
separation of church and state
Mennonites and Amish
Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
Reformation in England
Act in Restraint of Appeals
Act for the Submission of the Clergy
Supremacy Act
Church of England
(Anglican Church)
Jane Seymoure
Edward VI
Book of Common Prayer
Mary Tudor
“bloody Mary”
John Calvin
Calvinism
predestination
The Institutes of the Christian Religion
William Tyndale
Presbyterian Church of Scotland
John Knox
Book of Common Order
Catholic Reformation
Counter-reformation
Clement VII
Pope Paul III
Council of Trent
Hardwicke Act of 1753
Ursuline Order of Nuns
Society of Jesus
Jesuits
power struggles during the Reformation
Spain and France
Valois family
Habsburgs
Huguenots
Bourbons of France
Guise family
St. Bartholomew’s Days Massacre
French Wars of Religion
Henry of Navarre
War of the Three Henries
Edict of Nantes
Philip II of Spain
Netherlands
Spanish Netherlands
William of Orange
Dutch Republic
Queen Elizabeth of England
Puritans
Elizabethan Settlement
Spanish Armada